Acacia tortilis

Acacia tortilis, One of the Most Important Trees for Pastoral Communities

Acacia tortilis is one of the most important indigenous trees among pastoral communities in Kenya. It is known as Otiep among the Luo, Oltepes among the Maasai, and Mugaa among the Mbeere.

The tree is widespread across the arid and semi-arid lowlands of Kenya, particularly in the northern and eastern regions. It grows at altitudes of 0–1,650 metres and tolerates a wide range of soils, from sandy and silty soils to black-cotton soils.

One of its remarkable adaptations is its ability to survive drought. Its extensive root system allows it to access water deep underground, helping it withstand prolonged dry periods. It is often among the last trees encountered as vegetation becomes increasingly sparse towards desert environments.

Its pods are highly valued as livestock feed. Pastoral communities collect and store them for use during the dry season, and in northern Kenya, the pods are also sold as animal feed. The pods are also eaten by people in some communities.

The tree produces edible gum, which is consumed by communities including the Pokot, Turkana and Somali. However, this gum is sticky and of lower commercial quality than gum arabic from Acacia senegal.

For pastoral communities, Acacia tortilis is more than a tree. It provides valuable dry-season fodder and food in some areas, while its remarkable drought tolerance makes it well suited to Kenya's drylands.